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In the USSR industrial robots (automatic manipulators) are considered to be one of the most important means of achieving complex industrial automation. They provide a means for human emancipation from dangerous, hard and boring labour and solution to the problem of the more efficient use of labour resources. At present the programs for development, production and application of industrial robots are being implemented in the Soviet Union on the basis of a state integrated 5‐year plan covering the key branches of industry and involving the Academy of Sciences and Higher Educational Institutions. A second similar program will be completed by 1980. It is based on the principle of central state unification of the major components of robots, a series of standard sizes and consequently the development of robot‐equipped standard technological complexes. Simultaneously, research is being carried on in the development of the next generation of robot devices. Some other aspects of the problem are also being investigated including the development of methods for evaluating the economic efficiency of robot application as well as social aspects and training of personnel.

The first sensing robots of the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute were designed in 1968. The next to be devised was an integral two‐hands robot, with ASVT.M‐6000 and Minsk‐32 computers serving as a hardware basis for the robot control systems. This robot permitted to experimentally master the means of industrial robots sensitizing (namely, sensing grips, distance measuring co‐ordinates, TV‐sight supervisor control system) as well as to develop the appropriate software. There were also designed industrial sensing robots with adaptive control for assembly work, hot stamping and so on.